xerrors/xerrors.go

package xerrors

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
)

// Err is a structured application error carrying a [Code], a human-readable
// message, an optional cause, and optional key-value context fields.
//
// It implements the standard error interface, [errors.Unwrap] for cause chaining,
// and [json.Marshaler] for API responses. It also satisfies the private duck-typing
// interfaces that logz uses internally to enrich log records — without either
// package importing the other.
//
// Use the builder methods [Err.WithContext] and [Err.WithError] to attach
// additional information after construction:
//
//	err := xerrors.New(xerrors.ErrInvalidInput, "validation failed").
//	    WithContext("field", "email").
//	    WithContext("rule", "required").
//	    WithError(cause)
type Err struct {
	code    Code
	message string
	err     error
	fields  map[string]any
}

// New creates an Err with the given code and message. No cause is set.
func New(code Code, message string) *Err {
	return &Err{
		code:    code,
		message: message,
	}
}

// Wrap creates an Err that wraps an existing error with a code and message.
// The wrapped error is accessible via [errors.Is], [errors.As], and [Err.Unwrap].
func Wrap(code Code, message string, err error) *Err {
	return &Err{
		code:    code,
		message: message,
		err:     err,
	}
}

// InvalidInput creates an Err with [ErrInvalidInput] code.
// msg is formatted with args using [fmt.Sprintf] rules.
func InvalidInput(msg string, args ...any) *Err {
	return New(ErrInvalidInput, fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...))
}

// NotFound creates an Err with [ErrNotFound] code.
// msg is formatted with args using [fmt.Sprintf] rules.
func NotFound(msg string, args ...any) *Err {
	return New(ErrNotFound, fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...))
}

// Internal creates an Err with [ErrInternal] code.
// msg is formatted with args using [fmt.Sprintf] rules.
func Internal(msg string, args ...any) *Err {
	return New(ErrInternal, fmt.Sprintf(msg, args...))
}

// WithContext adds a key-value pair to the error's context fields and returns
// the receiver for chaining. Calling it multiple times with the same key
// overwrites the previous value.
func (e *Err) WithContext(key string, value any) *Err {
	if e.fields == nil {
		e.fields = make(map[string]any)
	}
	e.fields[key] = value
	return e
}

// WithError sets the underlying cause and returns the receiver for chaining.
func (e *Err) WithError(err error) *Err {
	e.err = err
	return e
}

// Error implements the error interface.
// Format: "INVALID_ARGUMENT: username is required → original cause"
func (e *Err) Error() string {
	base := fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", e.code, e.message)
	if e.err != nil {
		base = fmt.Sprintf("%s → %v", base, e.err)
	}
	return base
}

// Unwrap returns the underlying cause, enabling [errors.Is] and [errors.As]
// to walk the full cause chain.
func (e *Err) Unwrap() error {
	return e.err
}

// Code returns the typed error code.
func (e *Err) Code() Code {
	return e.code
}

// Message returns the human-readable error message.
func (e *Err) Message() string {
	return e.message
}

// Fields returns a shallow copy of the context fields.
// Returns an empty (non-nil) map if no fields have been set.
func (e *Err) Fields() map[string]any {
	if len(e.fields) == 0 {
		return map[string]any{}
	}
	out := make(map[string]any, len(e.fields))
	for k, v := range e.fields {
		out[k] = v
	}
	return out
}

// Detailed returns a verbose string useful for debugging.
// Format: "code: X | message: Y | cause: Z | fields: {...}"
func (e *Err) Detailed() string {
	s := fmt.Sprintf("code: %s | message: %s", e.code, e.message)
	if e.err != nil {
		s = fmt.Sprintf("%s | cause: %v", s, e.err)
	}
	if len(e.fields) > 0 {
		s = fmt.Sprintf("%s | fields: %v", s, e.fields)
	}
	return s
}

// ErrorCode returns the string value of the error code.
//
// This method satisfies the private errorWithCode interface that logz defines
// internally. Passing an *Err to logger.Error automatically enriches the log
// record with an error_code field — without xerrors importing logz.
func (e *Err) ErrorCode() string {
	return string(e.code)
}

// ErrorContext returns the raw context fields map.
//
// This method satisfies the private errorWithContext interface that logz defines
// internally. The returned map is used read-only by logz; callers who need a
// safe copy should use [Err.Fields] instead.
func (e *Err) ErrorContext() map[string]any {
	return e.fields
}

// MarshalJSON implements [json.Marshaler].
// Output: {"code":"NOT_FOUND","message":"user not found","fields":{"id":"42"}}
func (e *Err) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	return json.Marshal(struct {
		Code    string         `json:"code"`
		Message string         `json:"message"`
		Fields  map[string]any `json:"fields,omitempty"`
	}{
		Code:    string(e.code),
		Message: e.message,
		Fields:  e.fields,
	})
}